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1.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 49(1): 3-4, ene.-mar. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1115634

ABSTRACT

El tema que discutimos tiene una relevancia que alcanza todos los ámbitos de la sociedad actual, debido a que incluye factores sociales, políticos, económicos y de salud; sin embargo, es de mencionar la situación risible que ocurre en relación con el consumo de marihuana en México, dado que los artículos 477 y 479 de la Ley General de Salud determinan su posible portación y consumo personal a la cantidad de 5 g del estupefaciente. Dicho en otras palabras, el uso con fines médicos se encuentra aún penalizado e inclusive mal visto dentro de la práctica, mientras que la finalidad recreativa sobre la posesión y el uso tanto de la marihuana como de algún derivado del tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) son contemplados dentro de la ley explícitamente. Esto ha quedado ejemplificado claramente el pasado 24 de noviembre de 2015, fecha en la cual, a pesar de la ley ya existente, el Pleno de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación concedió a cuatro personas el derecho a la «... producción, uso y autoconsumo del estupefaciente cannabis y el psicotrópico "THC" para fines "lúdicos"¼; al compararlo con los casos actuales que han obtenido la autorización pertinente del gobierno para el uso médico, son muchos menos. Si bien el 19 de junio de 2017 se aprobó el uso medicinal de la marihuana en productos con un contenido neto de THC < 1%, la Cofepris (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios) dio a conocer los reglamentos en materia de control sanitario del cannabis y sus derivados hasta finales de 2018; tal hecho, dejó a merced de la obtención de un permiso para la importación de medicamentos a base del psicoactivo provenientes del extranjero acorde a lo escrito en el artículo 290. Asimismo destaca que los permisos solo pueden ser otorgados tras la ordenanza de un juez, situación que hasta la fecha continúa como «difícil¼, ya que tras recibir aproximadamente 534 solicitudes, solo 9 se habían autorizado a 5 de septiembre de 2018, esto según el portal del propio gobierno de México.


The issue we are discussing is relevant to all areas of today's society, as it includes social, political, economic and health factors; however, it is worth mentioning the laughable situation that occurs in relation to the consumption of marijuana in Mexico, given that articles 477 and 479 of the General Health Law determine its possible possession and personal consumption to the amount of 5 g of the drug. In other words, use for medical purposes is still criminalised and even frowned upon in practice, while the recreational purpose of possession and use of both marijuana and a derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is explicitly contemplated in the law.This was clearly exemplified on 24 November 2015, when, despite the existing law, the Plenary of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation granted four people the right to "... production, use and self-consumption of the narcotic drug cannabis and the psychotropic "THC" for "recreational" purposes"; when compared to the current cases that have obtained the relevant government authorisation for medical use, there are far fewer. Although the medical use of marijuana in products with a net THC content < 1% was approved on 19 June 2017, the Cofepris (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios) released the regulations on the sanitary control of cannabis and its derivatives until the end of 2018; this fact left the importation of medicines based on the psychoactive drug from abroad subject to obtaining a permit in accordance with the provisions of article 290. It also points out that permits can only be granted following a judge's order, a situation that to date continues to be "difficult", as after receiving approximately 534 applications, only 9 had been authorised as of 5 September 2018, according to the Mexican government's own website.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Surveillance , Cannabis , Social Control, Formal , Dronabinol , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Licensure , Medicine , Mexico , Narcotics
3.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(supl.1): 16-21, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286559

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones respiratorias agudas son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en adultos mayores y pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Dentro de los agentes etiológicos responsables se encuentran los virus respiratorios humanos, tales como: virus sincitial respiratorio, virus parainfluenza y metapneumovirus. Objetivo: Realizar un estudio de diagnóstico diferencial de virus respiratorios que circulan y cocirculan en una población adulta. Método: Se realizó un estudio tipo piloto en pacientes mayores de 18 años, que presentaron signos y síntomas sugestivos de infección respiratoria aguda y cuyo cuadro clínico no sobrepasara los 15 días de evolución; se realizaron ensayos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final con el uso de oligonucleótidos específicos para el diagnóstico molecular. Resultados: Se tipificaron 72 especímenes de pacientes con una edad de 51.33 ± 19.33 años, con predominio del sexo femenino (4.5:1); originarios en su totalidad de la Ciudad de México; solo 22 fueron positivos para virus respiratorios, siendo en su mayoría infecciones por metapneumovirus. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de las cepas virales circulantes en la población permitirá determinar cambios que puedan declarar una alerta epidemiológica llevando a la mejor toma de decisiones en beneficio de los pacientes.


Abstract Introduction: Acute respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults and patients with chronic diseases. Among the responsible etiological agents are human respiratory viruses, such as: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus and metapneumovirus. Objective: To carry out a differential diagnostic study of respiratory viruses circulating and co-circulating in an adult population. Methods: A pilot study was conducted in patients older than 18 years, who presented signs and symptoms suggestive of acute respiratory infection and whose clinical picture did not exceed 15 days of evolution; end-point polymerase chain reaction assays were performed with the use of specific oligonucleotides for molecular diagnosis. Results: 72 specimens of patients with an age of 51.33 ± 19.33 years, with a predominance of females (4.5:1); original inhabitants of Mexico City; only 22 were positive for respiratory viruses, being mostly metapneumovirus infections. Conclusions: The knowledge of the circulating viral strains in the population will allow to determine changes that can declare an epidemiological alert leading to the best decision making for the benefit of the patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Pilot Projects , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
6.
Medisan ; 14(4)mayo-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-576657

ABSTRACT

Se exponen los antecedentes históricos del surgimiento de la economía de la salud, con énfasis en el logro de una adecuada correlación entre economía y salud, lo cual resultaba un absurdo en tiempos pasados. También se realiza una periodización de esta rama en Cuba hasta los momentos actuales, así como un análisis de las principales reformas del sector sanitario en el ámbito internacional.


Historical background of the emergence of the health economy are exposed, emphasizing the achievement of an appropriate correlation between economy and health, which was an absurdity in past times. It is also carried out a periodization of this branch in Cuba up to date, as well as an analysis of main reforms of the health sector in the international sphere.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Economics, Medical , Health Care Economics and Organizations/history , Health Care Economics and Organizations , Marketing of Health Services
7.
Medisan ; 12(3)jul.-sept. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532479

ABSTRACT

Este estudio responde al proyecto ramal: Estrategia para el desarrollo de la Farmacoeconomía en Santiago de Cuba, del cual solo se analizó la línea de investigación denominada: Superación profesional, con la finalidad de contribuir al adecuado uso de las herramientas que brinda la fusión de ambas especialidades para la toma de decisiones en las diferentes instituciones sanitarias de la provincia, mediante acciones a realizar a corto y largo plazos en pro del perfeccionamiento y la actualización de la labor de los profesionales vinculados con esa esfera de la salud.


This study responds to the branch project: Strategy for developing the Pharmacoeconomics in Santiago de Cuba, of which the line of investigation termed Occupational training was only analyzed, with the purpose of contributing to the appropriate use of tools that the combination of both specialties offers for decision-making in different health institutions of the province, by taking the short-and long-term actions for improving and updating the work of professionals linked to that health sphere.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Pharmacy, Continuing , Economics, Pharmaceutical/organization & administration , Education, Pharmacy, Graduate , Schools, Pharmacy , Decision Making
8.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 8(2)mar.-abr. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-462244

ABSTRACT

El mucocele apendicular es una rara lesión caracterizada por distensión de la luz debido a la acumulación de mucina. En la mayoría de los casos se trata de una lesión benigna. Es a menudo asintomático o tiene formas de presentación atípicas, que hacen que el diagnóstico temprano sea infrecuente, y la mayoría son diagnosticados mediante estudios imagenológicos o intraoperatoriamente. Se presentan tres casos de mucocele apendicular operados con diagnóstico de quiste de ovario, apendicitis aguda y tumor de colon, respectivamente. A pesar de su poca frecuencia y su forma de presentación atípica, debe tomarse en cuenta la posibilidad diagnóstica de mucocele apendicular en las lesiones tumorales del cuadrante inferior derecho del abdomen


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Appendiceal Neoplasms , Mucocele , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
9.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 6(5): 533-538, sep.-oct. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-797585

ABSTRACT

Se presentó un paciente de 16 años con anemia de células falciformes y -talasemia, el cual presentó una colecistopatía calculosa por cálculos de colestenina y además hiperesplenismo secundario a esta asociación. Logró mejoría clínica después de la terapéutica quirúrgica; se destacan algunas características de esta infrecuente relación.


A sistem years old patient with sicklemia and thalasemia is studied. He presented a calculous cholepciptopathy for cholesterine calculi and also hyperesplenism secundary to this association. He clinically improved after surgical therapy. Some characteristics of this uncommon relationship are stressed.

10.
In. Silveira, Antonio Carlos. El control de la enfermedad de Chagas en los paises del Cono Sur de América: historia de una iniciativa internacional 1991/2001 / O controle da Doença de Chagas nos países do Cone Sul da América: história de uma iniciativa internacional 1991/2001. s.l, OMS, 2002. p.251-268, ilus, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-683949
11.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 5(4): 0-0, jul.-ago. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-838583

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de la mortalidad por síndrome oclusivo de intestino delgado en el Hospital Provincial Docente "Manuel Ascunce Domench", con el objetivo de analizar el manejo preoperatorio, intervención quirúrgica realizada y causas de muerte. El universo estuvo constituido por 140 pacientes ingresados en el hospital durante el período comprendido entre mayo de 1994 a mayo de 1996, de los cuales fallecieron 18, lo que constituye un 12,8%. Se recogieron los datos mediante una encuesta elaborada al efecto, a partir de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes ingresados. Se analizaron variables como: edad, sexo, estadía postoperatoria, tiempo de evolución, tiempo de hidratación preoperatoria y causa de muerte, entre otras. La mortalidad estuvo representada en su mayoría por pacientes con bridas postoperatorias con compromiso vascular en las asas intestinales. El tiempo de evolución de los síntomas es un factor pronóstico importante en la mortalidad. Las causas de muerte están distribuidas entre bronconeumonía, peritonitis e insuficiencia renal aguda.


A study for occlusive syndrome of the small bowell was performed at "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" Provincial Hospital with the purpose of analyzing the deceased having preoperatory management, surgical intervention performed and death causes. The series was composed of 18 deceased having preoperatory management, surgical intervention performed and death causes. The series was composed of 18 deceased patiens out of the total of 140 admitted for this afecction within the period from may 1994 to the may 1996. Masculine sex prevailed in the ages between 78 and 89 years. Data were collected through surveys elaborated for this and from clinical records of admitted patients, analyzing variables such as: age, sex posoperatory stage, evolution time , preoperatory hydration time of symptoms is an important pronostic factor in mortality. Death causes are distribuided among bronchoneumonia, peritonitis and acute renal failure.

12.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 5(2): 0-0, mar.-abr. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-838556

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de la morbilidad por síndrome oclusivo de intestino delgado en el Hospital Provincial Docente "Manuel Ascunce Domenech", que incluye relación de la entidad con variables como sexo, factores causales, manejo preoperatorio, intervenciones quirúrgicas más utilizadas etc. El universo fueron los 140 pacientes ingresados en nuestro hospital con el diagnóstico de oclusión mecánica de intestino delgado, durante el período de mayo de 1994 a mayo de 1996. Se recogieron los datos mediante una encuesta elaborada al efecto, a partir de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes ingresados, analizando variables como edad, sexo, tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, antecedentes quirúrgicos, síntomas, estado de deshidratación preoperatoria,etc. Se procesaron los datos en una computadora IBM compatible, utilizando el sistema estadístico Microstat. La serie estuvo constituida por 140 pacientes con predominio del sexo masculino, en las edades entre 60 y 74 años.Con más de 24 horas de evolución de la enfermedad. Se clasificaron los pacientes atendiendo a su estado de deshidratación preoperatoria. Las bridas operatorias y las hernias crurales fueron las causas más frecuentes de oclusión encontradas. Entre las conclusiones más importantes pueden citarse que la mayor incidencia de oclusión intestinal ocurre en pacientes que han sido sometidos a intervenciones en el hemiabdomen inferior. La mayoría de los pacientes concurren desde sus casas con más de un día de evolución y con poca repercusión sobre el estado de hidratación preoperatoria.


A study of morbility for Oclusive Syndrome of the Small Bowel was performed in " Manuel Ascunce Domenech" Provincial Hospital, with involves entity relationships with variables such as: sex, etiological factors properatory management, surgical interventions most widely used, et. The universe composed of 140 patients admitted in our hospital with the diagnosis of mechanical occlusion of the small bowel, during the period from may, 1994 to may 1996. Data were collected througha survey, checking clinica records of admitted patients, analyzing variables suchas sex, age, evolution time of the disease, surgical history symptoms, preoperatory dehydration status, tec. Data were processed in a compatible I.B.M computer using microstat statistic system. The series was composed of 140 patients, prevailing the masculine sex among the ages 60 and 74 years of disease evolution, during more than 24 hours, patients were clasisfied according tho their preoperatory dehydration status Operatory bridleand crural hernias were the most frequent causes of occlusion found. Among the most importany occlusions, higher incidence of intestinal occlusions occur in patients subjected to interventions in the inferior hemiabdomen. The great mayority of patients attend to consultation with an evolution time of more than 24 hours and with less repercussio on the preoperatory hydration status.

13.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 51(3/4): 80-5, jul.-dic. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-189294

ABSTRACT

Chagas's disease is a parasitic zoonosis with high prevalence in Chile. It is distributed in rural and periurban section in the northern most seven out of thirteen regions in which the country is divided, and affects about 142,000 individuals dispersed in most of the 165 counties sited in the chagasic zone triatoma infestans, intradomiciliary species, is the main and practically exclusive vector of trypanosoma cruzi. Diverse tools be utilized in order to interrupt the domestic cycle of transmission of T. cruzi health education, housing improvement and elimination of vectors by dwelling insecticide sprayings. This last resource has received priority in Chile in the last 12 years. To evaluate the effectivity of the programs for eliminating T. infestans a serological study for Chagas's disease, comprising 8,767 children less than 10 years old from 27 rural counties insecticide sprayed in the last 12 years, was carried out. A global total of 125 (1,4 percent) children resulted positive, figure significantly lower than 5,4 percent found in 1982-1990 in the same age group. Distribution by regions of positive individuals showed a decrease of prevalence in each of them: III Region, from 9,8 to 1,0 percent, IV Region, 7,2 to 2,0 percent, V Region, 5,2 to 1,9 percent, and Metropolitan Region, 1,4 to 0,6 percent. Even though positive children have still been found in 46,7 percent of localities of the studied counties, it is possible to affirm that the vector control programs have been effective and must be maintained, and increased in those localities with T. cruzi infection in children under 10 years of age, with the general aim of eradicate Chagas's disease transmission in Chile before 2000.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Pest Control, Biological/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation/statistics & numerical data , Triatoma/parasitology , Chagas Disease/transmission , Cross-Sectional Studies , Insecticides , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Serologic Tests , Simple Random Sampling , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity
14.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 50(3/4): 87-91, oct.-dic. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173154

ABSTRACT

The present study deals with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures employed in the control of triatoma infestans, the vector of trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas' disease), in the IV Region of Chile through a serological follow up program. For this reason, a serological survey has been carried out in 2,783 chidren, from 0 to 10 years, who live in rural high endemic areas of the region. The sera were tested using an indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) and ELISA techniques with results agreeing in 99,9 for percent of the samples. In children with positive serology xenodiagnosis was perfomed and blood samples from the corresponding mothers were submitted to serology for Chagas's disease. These addicional tests should allow to distinguish between congenital infection and vectorial transmission. It was observed that vectorial transmission of T. cruzi was interrupted in some localities where entomological control has been applied for 10 years, or lowered in those which have been submitted to desinsectations in the last 5 years. On the other hand, a relatively high prevalence of the infection has been detected in some localities. These results suggest an apparent increase of vectorial transmision, indicating the need of readjusting the dwellings insecticide sprayings activities to improve the measures against the vector


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control , Program Evaluation , Insect Control , Blood Specimen Collection , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Chagas Disease/transmission , Disease Vectors , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Insecticides , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Hemagglutination Tests , Triatoma/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity
15.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 49(3/4): 75-8, jul.-dic. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-144142

ABSTRACT

The IV region (29º 30' -32º 13' south lat.) is located in the center of the geographical area of distribution of Chagas' disease in Chile. Triatoma infestans is the main and almost exclusive vector of trypanpsoma cruzi in this country. The mean prevalence rate of T. cruzi human infection in urban and periurban sections of IV region is 24,7 percent. To assess the impact of anti-T. infestans activities, by means of health education and sprayings of dwellings with insecticides, carried out in the IV Region since 1980, during january-february (summer) a serological follow-up to residents from 46 rural chagasic localities was performed. An indirect hemagglutination test and an indirect immunofluorescence test were done to each of the surveyed persons. In 1991, 303 (15.9 percent) out of 1,906 examined people resulted serologically positive. In 1992, previous discarding the positive individuals found in 1991. 1,334 persons were examined resulting positive 9 (0.7 percent). In 1993, 1,398 persons were surveyed and 26 (1.9 percent) were positive. It is neteworthy that none of these 35 positive persons had been surveyed in 1991, being difficult to assert if any was positive before. Two infants, daughters of positive mothers, serologically positive at the beginning, changed to negative in the following survey, indicatins that it was passive transfer of maternal specific antibodies. According to the results of this study, it is concluded that dwelling spraying with persistent-activity insecticides against T. infestans and health education are good tools in the control of T. cruzi human infection, particularly when the involved community participates


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Follow-Up Studies , Insecticides , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Serologic Tests/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Hemagglutination Tests , Triatoma/drug effects , Triatoma/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification
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